Who Is Head Of The Department Of Health And Human Services

Section of the The states federal government

United States Department of Health and Human Services
Department overview
Seal of the U.S. Department of Wellness & Human Services
Flag of the U.Southward. Department of Health & Man Services
Hubert H. Humphrey Building, Department Headquarters
Formed	April 11, 1953; 69 years ago (1953-04-11) (every bit Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) May 4, 1980 (1980-05-04) (every bit United states Section of Health & Human Services)
Preceding agencies	Federal Security Agency Usa Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Jurisdiction	Federal government of the The states
Headquarters	Hubert H. Humphrey Building Washington, D.C., U.Due south.
Employees	79,540 (2015)^[ane]
Annual upkeep	$1.631 trillion (2022)^[2]
Section executives	Xavier Becerra, Secretary Andrea Katrina Palm, Deputy Secretary
Website	HHS.gov

The The states Section of Health and Human Services (HHS), is a cabinet-level executive branch department of the U.S. federal government created to protect the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. Its motto is "Improving the health, safe, and well-being of America".^[3] Before the separate federal Department of Education was created in 1979, it was chosen the Section of Health, Didactics, and Welfare (HEW).

HHS is administered past the Secretary of Health and Human Services, who is appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The position is currently held by Xavier Becerra.

The United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the uniformed service of the PHS, is led past the Surgeon Full general who is responsible for addressing matters concerning public health equally authorized by the secretary or by the Assistant Secretarial assistant of Health in addition to his or her primary mission of administering the Commissioned Corps.

History [edit]

Federal Security Agency [edit]

The Federal Security Agency (FSA) was established on July ane, 1939, nether the Reorganization Act of 1939, P.L. 76–19. The objective was to bring together in one bureau all federal programs in the fields of health, didactics, and social security. The first Federal Security Administrator was Paul 5. McNutt.^[4] The new agency originally consisted of the following major components: (1) Part of the Ambassador, (2) Public Health Service (PHS), (3) Office of Educational activity, (4) Civilian Conservation Corps, and (5) Social Security Lath.

By 1953, the Federal Security Agency'south programs in health, education, and social security had grown to such importance that its annual budget exceeded the combined budgets of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, Labor, and Interior and affected the lives of millions of people. Consequently, in accord with the Reorganization Deed of 1949, President Eisenhower submitted to the Congress on March 12, 1953, Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953, which chosen for the dissolution of the Federal Security Bureau and elevation of the agency to Cabinet status as the Department of Health, Instruction, and Welfare. The plan was approved on April 1, 1953, and became effective on April 11, 1953.

Dissimilar statutes authorizing the creation of other executive departments, the contents of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953 were never properly codification inside the The states Code, although Congress did codify a subsequently statute ratifying the Plan. Today, the Programme is included as an appendix to Championship 5 of the U.s. Code. The event is that HHS is the only executive department whose statutory foundation today rests on a confusing combination of several codified and uncodified statutes.^{[ citation needed ]}

Department of Health, Educational activity, and Welfare [edit]

The seal and flag of the U.Due south. Section of Health, Pedagogy, and Welfare

The Department of Health, Educational activity, and Welfare (HEW) was created on April xi, 1953, when Reorganization Programme No. i of 1953 became effective. HEW thus became the get-go new Cabinet-level department since the Department of Labor was created in 1913. The Reorganization Programme abolished the FSA and transferred all of its functions to the secretary of HEW and all components of the agency to the department. The first secretary of HEW was Oveta Culp Hobby, a native of Texas, who had served as commander of the Women'due south Ground forces Corps in World War II and was editor and publisher of the Houston Post. Sworn in on Apr 11, 1953, as secretarial assistant, she had been FSA administrator since January 21, 1953.

The half dozen major programme-operating components of the new section were the Public Health Service, the Part of Educational activity, the Food and Drug Assistants, the Social Security Administration, the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation, and St. Elizabeth's Infirmary. The department was also responsible for three federally aided corporations: Howard Academy, the American Printing House for the Blind, and the Columbia Institution for the Deafened (Gallaudet College since 1954).^[five]

Section of Health & Human Services [edit]

The Department of Wellness, Education, and Welfare was renamed the Department of Wellness & Man Services (HHS) in 1979,^{[half dozen]} when its education functions were transferred to the newly created Us Section of Education nether the Department of Didactics Arrangement Act.^[7] HHS was left in charge of the Social Security Administration, agencies constituting the Public Wellness Service, and Family Support Assistants.

In 1995, the Social Security Administration was removed from the Department of Wellness & Man Services, and established as an independent agency of the executive co-operative of the United states of america Government.

The 2010 U.s.a. federal budget established a reserve fund of more than $630 billion over ten years to finance primal reform of the health care system.^[8]

Organization [edit]

Internal construction [edit]

The Department of Health & Human Services is led by the United States Secretary of Wellness and Human Services, a member of the United states Chiffonier appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate. The secretarial assistant is assisted in managing the section past the Deputy Secretary of Wellness and Human Services, who is also appointed by the president. The secretary and deputy secretary are further assisted by seven banana secretaries, who serve every bit meridian departmental administrators.

Every bit of January xx, 2018, this is the height level of the organizational chart. HHS provides further organizational detail on its website.

Several agencies within HHS are components of the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS), as noted beneath.

Immediate Office of the Secretary [edit]

The Immediate Part of the Secretary (IOS) is the top-level unit that direct reports to the Secretarial assistant of Health and Human Services. They aid in the administration of HHS and include the post-obit components:

Office of the Deputy Secretary (DS) - an Executive Schedule, Level Ii Position. This office is responsible for all departmental operations.
Office of the Primary of Staff (COS) - This function is responsible for staff coordination and support.
Role of the Full general Counsel (OGC)
Executive Secretariat (ES or ExecSec) - Develops and reviews rules, regulations, correspondences, Reports to Congress, and other policy-related documents and decisions. Headed past the Executive Secretary to the Department and assisted past the Deputy Executive Secretarial assistant Deputy Executive Secretary.
Office of Wellness Reform - Oversees the implementation of new policies and legislation.
Office of the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) - Oversees the utilise of Data and Engineering science implementations in HHS.
Office of National Security (ONS) - A department-wide office that provides oversight, policy direction, standards, and performance assessments on all intelligence and national security related programs within HHS.

Part of the Secretarial assistant [edit]

The Office of the Secretary (OS) is the unit directly below the Immediate Part of the Secretary, only yet directly reports to the Secretary. This unit consists of the offices of assistant secretaries including:

Office of the Assistant Secretary of Wellness and Human being Services for Financial Resources (ASFR)
Office of the National Coordinator for Wellness Information Technology (ONC)
Role of the Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Public Affairs (ASPA)
Part of the Banana Secretarial assistant for Legislation (ASL)
Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health and Man Services for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE)

Role of Intergovernmental and External Affairs [edit]

The Function of Intergovernmental and External Affairs (IEA) serves as the liaison to state, local and tribal governments as well as NGOs. Through the IEA, HHS directs oversees current federal health programs at the regional and tribal level.

Headquarters Staff - assists the HHS Secretary in developing policies related to land and local government relations.
Tribal Diplomacy - serves as the point of contact for HHS regarding HHS programs on Indian reservations.
Heart for Faith-based and Neighborhood Partnerships (a.thousand.a. the Partnership Center) - works to create partnerships with religion-based and community organizations at the local level.
Office of Homo Resources - the section-broad office for Hour related issues.
Regional Offices - Piece of work with the subordinated land governments to institute HHS policy in the respective regions. Each office is led by a presidential-appointed regional director.^[ix] The following

HHS IEA Regional Offices
Region	Regional Manager	Subordinated States
Region 1	Paul Jacobsen	Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont
Region 2	Dennis González	New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands
Region iii	Dalton Paxtan	Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Westward Virginia
Region 4	Thomas Bowman	Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, S Carolina, and Tennessee
Region 5	Joshua Devine	Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin
Region 6	Julia Lothrop	Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas
Region 7	Scott Conner	Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska
Region viii	Elsa Ramirez	Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming
Region nine	Bonnie Preston	Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Federated states of micronesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, and Republic of Palau
Region 10	Renée Bouvion	Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington

U.S. Public Health Service [edit]

Within HHS is a collection of agencies and offices that fall under the Public Health Service. The PHS besides is domicile to the Public Health Service Deputed Corps (PHSCC).

Part of the Assistant Secretary for Wellness (OASH) and the U.Southward. Surgeon General
Function of the Banana Secretarial assistant for Preparedness and Response (ASPR)
Office of Global Affairs

The subordinate operating agencies under the Public Health Service:

National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Indian Health Service (IHS)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
Bureau for Healthcare Inquiry and Quality (AHRQ)
Substance Corruption and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)

Human Services Agencies [edit]

This list includes the subordinate agencies that do non fall under the Public Wellness Service, only are under HHS:

Administration for Children and Families (ACF)
Administration for Community Living (ACL)
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) - formerly the Health Care Financing Assistants.

Office of Inspector General [edit]

The Part of Inspector General, U.S. Department of Health and Man Services (OIG) investigates criminal activity for HHS. The special agents who work for OIG accept the same championship serial "1811" every bit other federal criminal investigators, such as the FBI, HSI, ATF, DEA and Secret Service. They receive their law enforcement training at the U.Southward. Section of Homeland Security'southward Federal Police force Enforcement Grooming Heart in Glynco, Georgia. OIG Special Agents accept special skills in investigating white collar crime related to Medicare and Medicaid fraud and abuse. Organized criminal offence has dominated the criminal action relative to this type of fraud.

HHS-OIG investigates tens of millions of dollars in Medicare fraud each twelvemonth. In addition, OIG volition continue its coverage of all 50 states and the District of Columbia by its multi-agency task forces (PSOC Job Forces) that identify, investigate, and prosecute individuals who willfully avoid payment of their child back up obligations nether the Child Support Recovery Act.

HHS-OIG agents also provide protective services to the Secretary of HHS, and other department executives as necessary.

In 2002, the section released Salubrious People 2010, a national strategic initiative for improving the health of Americans.

With the passage of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Human activity of 2009, and the Affordable Intendance Act of 2010, the Function of the Inspector General has taken an emboldened stance against healthcare related non-compliance, nearly notably for violations of Stark Constabulary and the Anti-Kickback Statute.

In 2015, the OIG issued a fraud warning as a warning to hospitals and healthcare systems to monitor and comply with their medico compensation arrangements.^[11]

Contempo years accept seen dramatic increases in both the number and the amounts of Stark Police violation settlements, prompting healthcare experts to identify a need for automatic solutions that manage physician arrangements by centralizing necessary data with regard to physician–hospital integration. Contract management software companies such as Meditract provide options for health systems to organize and store medico contracts. Ludi Inc introduced DocTime Log®, an SaaS solution that specifically addresses this growing business, automating physician fourth dimension logging in compliance with contract terms to eliminate Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Statute violations.^[thirteen]

According to a report released by the OIG in July 2019, more than than 80 percent of the 4,563 U.S. hospice centers that provide care to Medicare beneficiaries surveyed from 2012 to 2016 have at to the lowest degree one deficiency and 20 percent have at least one "serious deficiency".^[14]

From January 2020, Christi Grimm became the principal deputy inspector general. She causeless the duties of an acting inspector general, because the inspector general post was empty.^[15] In April 2020, Grimm released a report which surveyed the country of hospitals in belatedly March during the COVID-xix pandemic in the Us. The hospitals reported "astringent shortages of testing supplies", "frequently waiting 7 days or longer for exam results", which extended the length of patient stays and strained resource, and "widespread shortages of PPE".^[16] President Trump called the study "wrong" and questioned Grimm's motives. Afterwards he called the report "Another Imitation Dossier!"^[17] In May 2020, Trump nominated Jason Weida to exist the permanent inspector general, pending confirmation by the U.S. Senate. According to a department spokeswoman, Grimm volition remain as principal deputy inspector general.^[18]

Former operating divisions and agencies [edit]

Social Security Administration, fabricated independent in 1995.

Upkeep and finances [edit]

The Section of Health and Human Services was authorized a budget for fiscal year 2020 of $1.293 trillion. The upkeep authorization is broken down as follows:^[19]

Program	Budget Authority (in millions)
Food and Drug Administration	$3,329
Health Resources and Services Administration	$11,004
Indian Health Service	$half dozen,104
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	$6,767
National Institutes of Health	$33,669
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration	$5,535
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality	$0
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services	$1,169,091
Assistants for Children and Families	$52,121
Assistants for Customs Living	$1,997
Departmental Management	$340
Not-Recurring Expense Fund	$-400
Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals	$186
Office of the National Coordinator	$43
Office for Ceremonious Rights	$30
Office of Inspector Full general	$82
Public Wellness and Social Services Emergency Fund	$2,667
Program Support Center	$749
Offsetting Collections	$-629
Other Collections	$-163
TOTAL	$one,292,523

The FY2020 budget included a $1.276 billion upkeep subtract for the Centers for Disease Command, and a $four.533 billion upkeep decrease for the National Institutes of Health. These upkeep cuts, forth with other changes since 2019, comprised a total decrease of over $24 billion in revised discretionary upkeep authority across the unabridged Department of Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2020.^[19]

Boosted details of the budgeted outlays, budget authority, and detailed budgets for other years, can be found at the HHS Budget website.^[20]

Programs [edit]

The Department of Wellness & Man Services' administers 115 programs across its 11 operating divisions.^[21] The United States Department of Wellness & Man Services (HHS) aims to "protect the wellness of all Americans and provide essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves."^[22] These federal programs consist of social service programs, civil rights and healthcare privacy programs, disaster preparedness programs, and health related inquiry. HHS offers a diversity of social service programs geared toward persons with low income, disabilities, armed services families, and senior citizens.^[23] Healthcare rights are defined under HHS in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) which protect patient'due south privacy in regards to medical information, protects workers health insurance when unemployed, and sets guidelines surrounding some wellness insurance. HHS collaborates with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response and Office of Emergency Direction to ready and respond to wellness emergencies.^[24] ^[25] A broad array of health related research is supported or completed nether the HHS; secondarily nether HHS, the Wellness Resources & Service Administration houses data warehouses and makes health information bachelor surrounding a multitude of topics.^[26] ^[27] HHS also has vast offering of health related resource and tools to help educate the public on health policies and pertinent population health information. Some examples of available resource include disease prevention, wellness, health insurance data, likewise every bit links to healthcare providers and facilities, meaningful wellness related materials, public health and prophylactic information.^[28] ^[29] ^[30] ^[31] ^[32] ^[33]

Some highlights include:

Health and social scientific discipline inquiry
Preventing disease, including immunization services
Assuring nutrient and drug condom
Medicare (wellness insurance for elderly and disabled Americans) and Medicaid (health insurance for low-income people)
Health information engineering
Financial assistance and services for low-income families
Improving maternal and infant health, including a Nurse Domicile Visitation to support outset-time mothers
Head Start (pre-school education and services)
Faith-based and community initiatives
Preventing kid abuse and domestic violence
Substance corruption handling and prevention
Services for older Americans, including habitation-delivered meals
Comprehensive health services for Native Americans
Avails for Independence
Medical preparedness for emergencies, including potential terrorism
Child support enforcement^[34]

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Human activity (HIPAA) [edit]

This program is to ensure the accountability of medical professionals to respect and carry-out bones human health rights, under the act of the same proper noun. In the United States, the government feels that it is essential for the American people to understand their ceremonious duty and rights to all of their medical data. That includes: health insurance policies or medical records from every doctor or emergency visit in one's life. Through Health & Man services one is able to file a complaint that their HIPAA rights have been violated or a consultant that will be able to decide if their rights were violated.

[edit]

This co-operative has everything to do with the social justice, wellness, and care of all people throughout the U.s.a.. This includes only is not limited to people who demand government assistance, foster intendance, unaccompanied alien children, daycares (headstart included), adoption, senior citizens, and inability programs. Social services is i of (if not) the largest branch of programs underneath it that has a broad diverseness throughout the United States at a land and local level.

Prevention and Wellness [edit]

The prevention and wellness program'south master thought is to give the American people the power to live the healthiest and all-time lifestyle physically that they can. They are the ones who bargain with vaccines and immunizations, which fight from common diseases to deadly ones. The diet & fitness program that are the nuts of healthy eating and regular practise. Wellness screenings & family unit health history which are crucial in the knowledge of each individual's health and body. A severely important one particularly in today's society is mental health and substance corruption in where they help people with mental disease and drug abuse. Lastly, they help with ecology health where people are researching and studying how our environments both physical and metaphorically have a short- and long-term effect on our wellness and health.

Strengthening Communities Fund [edit]

In June 2010, the Department of Health & Homo Services created the Strengthening Communities Fund^[35] equally part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The fund was appropriated $50 1000000 to be given as grants to organizations in the United States who were engaged in Capacity Building programs. The grants were given to two different types of capacity builders:

State, Local and Tribal governments engaged in capacity edifice: grants volition go to country local and tribal governments to equip them with the capacity to more effectively partner with faith-based or not-faith based nonprofit organizations.^[36] Capacity edifice in this program volition involve teaching and outreach that catalyzes more involvement of nonprofit organizations in economical recovery and edifice upward nonprofit organization'due south abilities to tackle economic problems. State, Local and Tribal governments can receive upwardly to $250,000 in two twelvemonth grants
Nonprofit Social Service Providers engaged in capacity building: they will make grants available to nonprofit organizations who tin assistance other nonprofit organizations in organizational development, program development, leadership, and evaluations. Nonprofits can receive upwards to $1 million in two year grants

Biodefense [edit]

HHS plays a function in protecting the U.s. against bioterrorism events. In 2018, HHS released a new National Biodefense Strategy required by passage of the 2016 Biodefense Strategy Human action. The Biodefense Strategy required implementation of a biodefense strategy after a 2015 Bluish Ribbon Written report Panel on Biodefense report found that the 2009 National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats was inadequate in protecting the U.S. The strategy adopted these five central recommendations: creating a single centralized approach to biodefense; implementing an interdisciplinary approach to biodefense that brings together policy makers, scientists, health experts, and academics; cartoon up a comprehensive strategy to address man, plant, and animal health; creating a defense against global and domestic biological threats; and creating a proactive policy to gainsay the misuse and abuse of avant-garde biotechnology.^[37]

HHS also runs the Biodefense Steering Commission, which works with other federal agencies including the U.S. Section of State, U.S. Department of Defense, U.South. Nutrient and Drug Administration, U.S. Section of Homeland Security, and the Ecology Protection Agency.^[37] HHS specifically oversees Project BioShield, established in 2003 and operating since 2004, and its development and production of genetically based bio-weapons and vaccines. HHS together with DHS are authorized under the Homeland Security Human activity of 2002 to deploy the weapons and vaccines produced past Project BioShield on the US general public under martial law during "emerging terrorist threats" or public health emergencies. Both HHS and DHS have similar authorities through land-based legislation adopted from Model State Emergency Health Powers Act provisions.

Criticisms and controversies [edit]

In 2016, a published United states of america Senate study revealed that several dozen unaccompanied children from Central America, some as young as fourteen years old, were released from custody to traffickers where they were sexually assaulted, starved or forced to piece of work for little or no pay.^[38] The HHS sub bureau Function of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) released approximately 90,000 unaccompanied children during 2013–2015 only did non track their whereabouts or properly screen families accepting these children.^[39]

To prevent similar episodes, the Homeland Security and Health & Homo Services Departments signed a memorandum of understanding in 2016, and agreed to institute joint procedures within i year for dealing with unaccompanied migrant children. As of 2018 they have failed to do so. Between October and December 2017, officials from ORR tried to contact vii,635 children and their sponsors. From these calls, officials learned that 6,075 children remained with their sponsors. Xx-eight had run away, 5 had been removed from the U.s. and fifty-two had relocated to live with a non sponsor. However, officials take lost track of ane,475 children.^[40] ORR claims it is not legally liable for the safety and condition of the children once released from custody.^[41]

HHS is evidenced to be actively coercing and forcing bio-substances such as antipsychotics^[42] on migrating children without consent, and under questionable medical supervision. Medical professionals state that wrongly prescribed antipsychotics are especially dangerous for children, and tin can cause permanent psychological impairment.^[43] Medical professionals also state DHS and HHS incarceration and separation policies are likewise causing irreparable mental harm to the children.^[44] ^[45]

Children are also dying in HHS custody.^[46] The forced drugging, deaths, and disappearances of migrating Mexican and Primal American children might be related to DHS falsely labeling them and their families as 'terror threats' before HHS manages their incarcerations. Despite a federal courtroom social club,^[47] the DHS separation practices started by Obama^[48] and mandated by the Trump administration's "naught-tolerance" policy^[49] have not been halted, and HHS has not stopped forcing drugs on the children it incarcerates.

Freedom of Information Act processing functioning [edit]

In the latest Center for Effective Government analysis of 15 federal agencies which receive the nigh Freedom of Data Act (FOIA) requests published in 2015 (using 2012 and 2013 data, the most recent years available), the DHHS ranked 2d to last, earning an F past scoring 57 out of a possible 100 points, largely due to a low score on its item disclosure rules. It had deteriorated from a D− in 2013.^[50]

[edit]

1946: Hospital Survey and Construction Act (Hill-Burton Act) PL 79-725
1949: Hospital Structure Act PL 81-380
1950: Public Health Services Human action Amendments PL 81-692
1955: Poliomyelitis Vaccination Assistance Deed PL 84-377
1956: Wellness Research Facilities Act PL 84-835
1960: Social Security Amendments (Kerr-Manufactory aid) PL 86-778
1961: Community Health Services and Facilities Act PL 87-395
1962: Public Wellness Service Human action PL 87-838
1962: Vaccination Aid PL 87-868
1963: Mental Retardation Facilities Structure Act/Community Mental Health Centers Human activity PL 88-164
1964: Nurse Training Act PL 88-581
1965: Community Health Services and Facilities Act PL 89-109
1965: Medicare (United States)|Medicare PL 89-97
1965: Mental Health Centers Act Amendments PL 89-105
1965: Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments PL 89-239
1966: Comprehensive Health Planning and Service Act PL 89-749
1970: Community Mental Health Service Act PL 91-211
1970: Family Planning Services and Population Research Act PL 91-572
1970: Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act PL 91-695
1971: National Cancer Human activity PL 92-218
1974: Research on Crumbling Act PL 93-296
1974: National Health Planning and Resources Development Act PL 93-641
1979: Department of Pedagogy Arrangement Deed (removed education functions) PL 96-88
1987: Section of Transportation Appropriations Act PL 100-202
1988: Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act PL 100-360
1989: Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act PL 101-164
1996: Wellness Insurance Portability and Accountability Act PL 104-191
2000: Child Corruption Reform and Enforcement Act P.Fifty. 106-177
2010: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Deed PL 111-148

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External links [edit]

Official website
Section of Wellness and Human being Services on USAspending.gov
Department of Wellness & Homo Services in the Federal Register
General Records of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare from the National Archives